Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hako

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *šako, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian šaka (“branch of a tree”)).

Noun

*hako^[1]

branch of a conifer tree
needle (leaf of a conifer tree)
fallen, rotten or waterlogged tree trunk

Inflection

Inflection of *hako

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*hako	*hagot
accusative	*hagon	*hagot
genitive	*hagon	hakodën hakoidën
partitive	*hakoda	*hakoida
inessive	hagossa hagohna	hagoissa hagoihna
elative	*hagosta	*hagoista
illative	*hakohën	*hakoihën
adessive	*hagolla	*hagoilla
ablative	*hagolta	*hagoilta
allative	hakolën hakolëk	hakoilën hakoilëk
essive	*hakona	*hakoina
translative	*hagoksi	*hagoiksi
instructive	*hagon	*hagoin
comitative	*hakonëk	*hakoinëk
abessive	*hagotta	*hagoitta

Descendants

Estonian: hagu
Finnish: hako
Ingrian: hako
- → Votic: hako
Karelian:
- North Karelian: hako
- South Karelian: hago
Livonian: a’g
Livvi: hago
Ludian: hago
Veps: hago
Võro: hago

References

^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*hako”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

“hagu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “hako”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[1] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*hako”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

[1]