Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kova

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Adjective

*kova[1]

  1. hard (not soft)

Inflection

Inflection of *kova
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kova *kovat
accusative *kovan *kovat
genitive *kovan *kovadën
*kovëidën
partitive *kovada *kovëida
inessive *kovassa
*kovahna 		*kovëissa
*kovëihna
elative *kovasta *kovëista
illative *kovahën *kovëihën
adessive *kovalla *kovëilla
ablative *kovalta *kovëilta
allative *kovalën
*kovalëk 		*kovëilën
*kovëilëk
essive *kovana *kovëina
translative *kovaksi *kovëiksi
instructive *kovan *kovëin
comitative *kovanëk *kovëinëk
abessive *kovatta *kovëitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: kõva
  • Finnish: kova
  • Ingrian: kova
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kova
    • South Karelian: kova
  • Livonian: kõvā
  • Livvi: kova
  • Ludian: kova
  • Veps: kova
  • Võro: kõva
  • Votic: kõva

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kova”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)
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