kova

kova

1. first-person singular aorist of koj

From Proto-Finnic *kova.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoʋɑ/, [ˈko̞ʋɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oʋɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ko‧va
• Hyphenation^(key): ko‧va

kova (comparative kovempi, superlative kovin)

1. hard (of an object, resistant to pressure)

   Antonym: pehmeä

   1. strict, harsh, severe, unfriendly, hard, stern, brutal (of behavior or character)

      Synonym: ankara

      Antonyms: pehmeä, lempeä

   2. tough (rowdy or rough)

      Hän on kova kaveri.

      He is a tough guy.

   3. tough, hard (demanding a lot of effort to endure)
   4. (physics, ferromagnetism) hard (of material: having the capability of being a permanent magnet)
   5. (of water) hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)
   6. (phonetics) hard, unvoiced (pronounced without using the vocal cords)
   7. (of light) harsh, hard (intensive and creating disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading)
   8. (vulgar, of a man) hard, aroused; erect
2. strong, hard, heavy, severe (having a high impact or influence)

   Antonym: (e.g. of wind) heikko

   kova isku ― hard hit, hard blow

   kova tuuli ― strong wind

   Minulla on kova jano.

   I'm very thirsty.

   1. loud (of sound: of great intensity)

      Synonyms: luja, kovaääninen, äänekäs

      Antonym: hiljainen

      Radio on liian kovalla.

      The radio is too loud.

   2. live (of ammunition)

      Tappaja väitti, että hän ei tiennyt aseen olevan ladattu kovilla panoksilla.

      The killer claimed that he didn't know that the weapon was loaded with live rounds.

   3. (finance) unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard

      Synonyms: (unsubsidized) vapaarahoitteinen, (market-based) markkinaehtoinen

      kova valuutta ― hard currency (globally traded currency that is expected to serve as a reliable and stable store of value)

      kova raha ― unsubsidized financing (especially as opposite to aravalaina (“type of subsidized loan for social housing”))

   4. (pornography) hard, hardcore

      kova porno ― hardcore pornography

3. high, great, ambitious, remarkable [with illative of third infinitive (with verbs)]

   kova kysyntä ― great demand

   Pidän ilmapiiristä, mutta heidän hintansa ovat aika kovat.

   I like the atmosphere, but their prices are quite high.

   Heillä on kovat suunnitelmat - ensin valloitetaan Pohjoismaiden markkinat, sitten koko maailma.

   They have ambitious plans – first the Nordic market, then the whole world. / They have ambitious plans to first conquer the Nordic market and then the whole world.

   1. excellent, great, well-known

      Synonyms: erinomainen, mainio

      Alle kaksi tuntia on kova aika maratonilla.

      Less than two hours is an excellent time on a marathon.

      Niin, mutta olenkin kovassa kunnossa. Olen kova nimi urheilupiireissä.

      Yes, but I'm in a great shape. I'm a well-known name in the sports circles.

   2. eager, devoted

      Hän on kova kalamies.

      He's an eager fisherman.

      Hän on kova Kärppä-fani.

      He's a devoted fan of the Kärpät.

   3. hard, hardworking

      Hän on kova työmies.

      He's a hard worker.

• “kova”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

• vako

From an otherwise unattested stem + -a (diminutive suffix).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈkovɒ]
• Hyphenation: ko‧va
• Rhymes: -vɒ

kova (plural kovák)

1. flint

• kova in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

From Proto-Finnic *kova. Cognates include Finnish kova and Estonian kõva.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkoʋɑ/, [ˈko̞ʋɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkoʋɑ/, [ˈko̞ʋɑ]
• Rhymes: -oʋɑ
• Hyphenation: ko‧va

kova (comparative kovemp)

1. hard
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:

     A kalastajat - koko talvia merel ollaa, ja pakkaist kittäät, etti jään kovanna pittää.

     And the fishermen - they are on the sea all winter, and thank the frost, that it keeps the ice hard.

2. harsh
   • 18th century, “Kui tulloo syvä syksy [When late autumn comes]”:

     Kui tulloo syvä syksy, kova talvi tallajaa.

     When late autumn comes, the harsh winter sets in.

3. rough
4. strong, sturdy

• (antonym(s) of “hard”): pehmiä
• (antonym(s) of “harsh”): raju, valju, valjo
• (antonym(s) of “rough”): pehmiä

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 59
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 199
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[3], →ISBN, page 72

From Proto-Finnic *kova.

kova

1. hard

• IPA^(key): /ˈkova/

kova

1. fire

• Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 291. →ISBN

From káuti +‎ -a.

• (kovà) IPA^(key): [koːˈvɐ]
• (kõva) IPA^(key): [ˈkǒːvɐ]

kovà f (plural kõvos) stress pattern 4^[1]

1. fight, struggle

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀwāˀ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkôːvɐ]

kóva f (plural kóvos) stress pattern 1^[2]

2. rook (Corvus frugilegus)

• “kova” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

From Proto-Finnic *kova.

kova

1. hard

Borrowed from Finnish kova, from expressions like kova raha (“hard money”).

kova c

1. (informal) money

Only as part of compounds and certain expressions.

• storkova

• kova in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kova in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kova in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

From Ottoman Turkish قوغه (koğa. kova), from Proto-Turkic *kobga. Cognate to Southern Altai кого (kogo).

• IPA^(key): [ˈkovɑ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ko‧va

kova (definite accusative kovayı, plural kovalar)

1. bucket

From Proto-Finnic *kova.

kova

1. hard (not soft)
2. solid
3. stiff, rigid
4. strong
5. strict, stern
6. harsh, severe

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “жёсткий, жестокий, ожесточённый, сильный, суровый, твёрдый, чёрствый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika