Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēdraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Lithuanian otrùs (“quick”) and Latvian ātrs (“idem”) are probably loans from the Germanic, rather than inherited.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛː.ðrɑz/

Adjective

*ēdraz

  1. quick, speedy, prompt

Inflection

Declension of *ēdraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ēdraz *ēdrō *ēdrą, *-at(ō) *ēdrai *ēdrôz *ēdrō
accusative *ēdranǭ *ēdrǭ *ēdrą, *-at(ō) *ēdranz *ēdrōz *ēdrō
genitive *ēdras, *ēdris *ēdraizōz *ēdras, *ēdris *ēdraizǫ̂ *ēdraizǫ̂ *ēdraizǫ̂
dative *ēdrammai *ēdraizōi *ēdrammai *ēdraimaz *ēdraimaz *ēdraimaz
instrumental *ēdranō *ēdraizō *ēdranō *ēdraimiz *ēdraimiz *ēdraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ēdrô *ēdrǭ *ēdrô *ēdraniz *ēdrōniz *ēdrōnō
accusative *ēdranų *ēdrōnų *ēdrô *ēdranunz *ēdrōnunz *ēdrōnō
genitive *ēdriniz *ēdrōniz *ēdriniz *ēdranǫ̂ *ēdrōnǫ̂ *ēdranǫ̂
dative *ēdrini *ēdrōni *ēdrini *ēdrammaz *ēdrōmaz *ēdrammaz
instrumental *ēdrinē *ēdrōnē *ēdrinē *ēdrammiz *ēdrōmiz *ēdrammiz

Derived terms

  • *ēdrô (adverb)

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *ādr (adjective); *ādrō (adverb)
    • Old English: *ǣder, *ēder (adjective); ǣdre, ēdre (adverb)
      • Middle English: ȝedir, ȝedire, yeder (adjective)
    • Old Frisian: ēder (adjective); ēdre (adverb)
      • North Frisian: äder, eder
      • Saterland Frisian: edder
      • West Frisian: yer
    • Old Saxon: ādro (adverb)
    • Old Dutch: ādro (adverb)
    • Old High German: ātar (adjective)
  • Old Norse: áðr (adverb)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ēdra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
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