Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”). Alternative etymology derives from *h₁elh₂- (“to spur, drive”). If so, then related to *lanō (“lane”).

Noun

*aljaną n^[1]

zeal, eagerness
strength, courage

Inflection

Declension of *aljaną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aljaną	*aljanō
vocative	*aljaną	*aljanō
accusative	*aljaną	*aljanō
genitive	aljanas, aljanis	*aljanǫ̂
dative	*aljanai	*aljanamaz
instrumental	*aljanō	*aljanamiz

Derived terms

*aljanōną

Related terms

*aljô (“rival”)
*aljǭ (“zeal”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *alljan
- Old English: ellen
  - Middle English: ellen
    - English: ellen, elne
- Old Saxon: ellian
  - Middle Low German: ellen, ellent
- Old High German: ellan, eillan, ellian
  - Middle High German: ellen
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: eljan, eljun
  - Icelandic: eljan, eljun, elja
Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan)

Etymology 2

From *alaną +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*aljaną^[2]

to cause to grow and mature, to fatten

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*aljō	*aljaų	—	*aljai	?
2nd singular	*alisi	*aljais	*ali	*aljasai	*aljaisau
3rd singular	*aliþi	*aljai	*aljaþau	*aljaþai	*aljaiþau
1st dual	*aljōs	*aljaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*aljaþiz	*aljaiþiz	*aljaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*aljamaz	*aljaim	—	*aljanþai	*aljainþau
2nd plural	*aliþ	*aljaiþ	*aliþ	*aljanþai	*aljainþau
3rd plural	*aljanþi	*aljain	*aljanþau	*aljanþai	*aljainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*alidǭ	*alidēdį̄
2nd singular	*alidēz	*alidēdīz
3rd singular	*alidē	*alidēdī
1st dual	*alidēdū	*alidēdīw
2nd dual	*alidēdudiz	*alidēdīdiz
1st plural	*alidēdum	*alidēdīm
2nd plural	*alidēdud	*alidēdīd
3rd plural	*alidēdun	*alidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*aljandz	*alidaz

Descendants

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aljana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aljan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aljana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aljan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[1]

[2]