Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bannaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₂-nw-, a zero grade nu-present form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati, “idem”).^[1] The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; see *kinnuz, *þunnuz for the same development.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bannaną

to proclaim, to order
to summon
to ban

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7c)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bannō	*bannaų	—	*bannai	?
2nd singular	*bannizi	*bannaiz	*bann	*bannazai	*bannaizau
3rd singular	*bannidi	*bannai	*bannadau	*bannadai	*bannaidau
1st dual	*bannōz	*bannaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bannadiz	*bannaidiz	*bannadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bannamaz	*bannaim	—	*bannandai	*bannaindau
2nd plural	*bannid	*bannaid	*bannid	*bannandai	*bannaindau
3rd plural	*bannandi	*bannain	*bannandau	*bannandai	*bannaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*beban(n)	*bebannį̄
2nd singular	*beban(n)t	*bebannīz
3rd singular	*beban(n)	*bebannī
1st dual	*bebannū	*bebannīw
2nd dual	*bebannudiz	*bebannīdiz
1st plural	*bebannum	*bebannīm
2nd plural	*bebannud	*bebannīd
3rd plural	*bebannun	*bebannīn

	present	past
participles	*bannandz	*bannanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bannan
- Old English: bannan
  - Middle English: bannen, bonnen
    - English: ban
    - Scots: ban
- Old Frisian: banna
  - Saterland Frisian: banne
  - West Frisian: banne
- Old Saxon: bannan
  - Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen
    - Low German: bannen
- Old Dutch: *bannan
  - Middle Dutch: bannen
    - Dutch: bannen
      - Afrikaans: ban
      - Negerhollands: bannen
      - → Papiamentu: ban, bant
- Old High German: pannan, bannan
  - Middle High German: bannen
    - German: bannen
      - → Luxembourgish: bannen
- → Late Latin: banniō (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: banna
- Icelandic: banna
- Faroese: banna
- Norwegian Nynorsk: banna
- Swedish: banna
- Danish: bande
  - Norwegian Bokmål: banne
- → Middle English: banne(n)
  - Scots: ban (“to curse”)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bannan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bannan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52

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