Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From otherwise unattested *fēriz (“risky, dangerous”), vṛddhi gerundive of unattested *feraną (“to risk”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through”), +‎ *-ō. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Compare, in particular, Old Armenian փորձ (pʻorj, “attempt”), Ancient Greek πεῖρᾰ (peîră, “trial”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸɛː.rɔː/

Noun

*fērō f

danger

Inflection

Declension of *fērō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fērō	*fērôz
vocative	*fērō	*fērôz
accusative	*fērǭ	*fērōz
genitive	*fērōz	*fērǫ̂
dative	*fērōi	*fērōmaz
instrumental	*fērō	*fērōmiz

Synonyms

*fērą
- Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚨᚱᚨ (*fara /⁠fāra⁠/)

Derived terms

*fērijaną

Descendants

Old English: fǣr m; (ġefǣr)
- Middle English: fer, fere, feer
  - Scots: fere, feir, fear
  - English: fear
Old Frisian: *fēr (in fernesse)
Old Saxon: *fāra f; fār m
- Middle Low German: vâre; vâr; gevâr; gevêr, gevêre
  - German Low German: Gefahr
  - → Danish: fare c
  - → Swedish: fara f
    - → Finnish: vaara
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: fare m
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: fare m
Old Dutch: *fāra; *fār
- Middle Dutch: vāre, vaer
Old High German: fāra f; *fār m
- Middle High German: vāre f; vār m; gevāre
  - German: Fahr; Gefahr
    - → Dutch: gevaar
      - → West Frisian: gefaar
    - → German Low German: Gefahr
    - → Saterland Frisian: Gefoar
    - → Yiddish: [script needed] (gefer)
  - Luxembourgish: Gefor
⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰 (fērja)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fēran ~ *fēraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fēran ~ *fēraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

[1]