Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *framaþiz (“foreign, alien, strange”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸrɑ.mɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*framaþjaną[1]

  1. to alienate, to estrange

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *framaþjō *framaþjaų — *framaþjai ?
2nd singular *framaþisi *framaþjais *framaþi *framaþjasai *framaþjaisau
3rd singular *framaþiþi *framaþjai *framaþjaþau *framaþjaþai *framaþjaiþau
1st dual *framaþjōs *framaþjaiw — — —
2nd dual *framaþjaþiz *framaþjaiþiz *framaþjaþiz — —
1st plural *framaþjamaz *framaþjaim — *framaþjanþai *framaþjainþau
2nd plural *framaþiþ *framaþjaiþ *framaþiþ *framaþjanþai *framaþjainþau
3rd plural *framaþjanþi *framaþjain *framaþjanþau *framaþjanþai *framaþjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *framaþidǭ *framaþidēdį̄
2nd singular *framaþidēz *framaþidēdīz
3rd singular *framaþidē *framaþidēdī
1st dual *framaþidēdū *framaþidēdīw
2nd dual *framaþidēdudiz *framaþidēdīdiz
1st plural *framaþidēdum *framaþidēdīm
2nd plural *framaþidēdud *framaþidēdīd
3rd plural *framaþidēdun *framaþidēdīn
present past
participles *framaþjandz *framaþidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *framiþijan
    • Old Dutch: *fremithen
    • Old High German: fremiden
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (framaþjan)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*framaþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
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