Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰréndʰ-is, from *gʰrendʰ- (“beam, plank”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣrin.diz/

Noun

*grindiz f

fence

Inflection

Declension of *grindiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*grindiz	*grindīz
vocative	*grindi	*grindīz
accusative	*grindį	*grindinz
genitive	*grindīz	*grindijǫ̂
dative	*grindī	*grindimaz
instrumental	*grindī	*grindimiz

Derived terms

*grindilaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *grindil
- Old English: grindel
- Old Saxon: grindil, grendil
  - Middle Low German: grindel, grendel
    - German Low German: Grendel, Grinnel, Grennel
- Old Dutch: grindel
  - Middle Dutch: grindel, grendel
    - Dutch: grendel
      - Afrikaans: grendel
      - → Caribbean Javanese: grèndhèl
      - → Indonesian: gerendel
      - → Javanese: ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦭ꧀ (grèndhèl), grendel
      - → Papiamentu: rèndu, grendel, grender
- Old High German: grintil, crintil, grindil, krindil
  - Middle High German: grintel, grindel, grendel
    - German: Grindel
Old Norse: grind
- Icelandic: grind
- Faroese: grind
- Old Swedish: grind
  - Swedish: grind
- → Scots: grind (Shetland, Orkney)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grindi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190