Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz (“hand”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*handijaną[1]

  1. to take by the hand; seize; grip; capture

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *handijō *handijaų — *handijai ?
2nd singular *handīsi *handijais *handī *handijasai *handijaisau
3rd singular *handīþi *handijai *handijaþau *handijaþai *handijaiþau
1st dual *handijōs *handijaiw — — —
2nd dual *handijaþiz *handijaiþiz *handijaþiz — —
1st plural *handijamaz *handijaim — *handijanþai *handijainþau
2nd plural *handīþ *handijaiþ *handīþ *handijanþai *handijainþau
3rd plural *handijanþi *handijain *handijanþau *handijanþai *handijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *handidǭ *handidēdį̄
2nd singular *handidēz *handidēdīz
3rd singular *handidē *handidēdī
1st dual *handidēdū *handidēdīw
2nd dual *handidēdudiz *handidēdīdiz
1st plural *handidēdum *handidēdīm
2nd plural *handidēdud *handidēdīd
3rd plural *handidēdun *handidēdīn
present past
participles *handijandz *handidaz

Derived terms

  • *handīniz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *handijan
    • Old English: *hendan
    • Old Frisian: henda, handa
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: houndje
      • West Frisian: heine
    • Old Saxon: *hendian
      • Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: hendære, hender, handære
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: afhenden
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörhenden, vörhanden
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: belîfhanden
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: enthanden, enhanden
    • Old Dutch: *henden
    • Old High German: hanten, *henten
      • Middle High German: henden, handen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: behenden
        • ⇒ Middle High German: enthenden
      • ⇒ Old High German: gihantit (ppt)
  • Old Norse: henda

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xanđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
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