Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmijaną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxar.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From *harmaz (“to harm, pain”) + *-janą or *harmaz (“to harmful, painful”) + *-janą.
Verb
*harmijaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *harmijō | *harmijaų | — | *harmijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *harmīsi | *harmijais | *harmī | *harmijasai | *harmijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *harmīþi | *harmijai | *harmijaþau | *harmijaþai | *harmijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *harmijōs | *harmijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *harmijaþiz | *harmijaiþiz | *harmijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *harmijamaz | *harmijaim | — | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *harmīþ | *harmijaiþ | *harmīþ | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *harmijanþi | *harmijain | *harmijanþau | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *harmidǭ | *harmidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *harmidēz | *harmidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *harmidē | *harmidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *harmidēdū | *harmidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *harmidēdudiz | *harmidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *harmidēdum | *harmidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *harmidēdud | *harmidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *harmidēdun | *harmidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *harmijandz | *harmidaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *harmijan
- Old Saxon: hermian
- Old Dutch: hermen
- → Old French: *harnir, *hernir, *hergner
- Middle French: hergner
- ⇒ Old French: hergnos (“evil, harmful”)
- Old High German: hermen
- Middle High German: hermen
- German: härmen
- Middle High German: hermen
- Old Norse: hermask
- Icelandic: hermast
- Swedish: härmas
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *kerh₂-, *kerh₃- (“to praise (loudly)”).[1]
Verb
*harmijaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *harmijō | *harmijaų | — | *harmijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *harmīsi | *harmijais | *harmī | *harmijasai | *harmijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *harmīþi | *harmijai | *harmijaþau | *harmijaþai | *harmijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *harmijōs | *harmijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *harmijaþiz | *harmijaiþiz | *harmijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *harmijamaz | *harmijaim | — | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *harmīþ | *harmijaiþ | *harmīþ | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *harmijanþi | *harmijain | *harmijanþau | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *harmidǭ | *harmidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *harmidēz | *harmidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *harmidē | *harmidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *harmidēdū | *harmidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *harmidēdudiz | *harmidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *harmidēdum | *harmidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *harmidēdud | *harmidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *harmidēdun | *harmidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *harmijandz | *harmidaz | ||||
Related terms
- *hrōmaz
- *hrōþiz
- *hrōþraz
- *hurjaną
Descendants
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “259”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN: “*harmjan-”