Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hluppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *hluppōþi ~ *hlubunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *klub-nā́-ti ~ *klub-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to stumble; to hop”), iterative to *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”). Cognate with Latvian klupinât (“to keep stumbling”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxlup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hluppōną

  1. to leap, run

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlupp- against *hlub-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hluppō *hluppǭ — *hluppōi ?
2nd singular *hluppōsi *hluppōs *hluppō *hluppōsai *hluppōsau
3rd singular *hluppōþi *hluppō *hluppōþau *hluppōþai *hluppōþau
1st dual *hluppōs *hluppōw — — —
2nd dual *hluppōþiz *hluppōþiz *hluppōþiz — —
1st plural *hluppōmaz *hluppōm — *hluppōnþai *hluppōnþau
2nd plural *hluppōþ *hluppōþ *hluppōþ *hluppōnþai *hluppōnþau
3rd plural *hluppōnþi *hluppōn *hluppōnþau *hluppōnþai *hluppōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hluppōdǭ *hluppōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hluppōdēz *hluppōdēdīz
3rd singular *hluppōdē *hluppōdēdī
1st dual *hluppōdēdū *hluppōdēdīw
2nd dual *hluppōdēdudiz *hluppōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hluppōdēdum *hluppōdēdīm
2nd plural *hluppōdēdud *hluppōdēdīd
3rd plural *hluppōdēdun *hluppōdēdīn
present past
participles *hluppōndz *hluppōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
    • >? Old English: *hlopian
      • >? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
    • Old Saxon: *loppon
    • Old Dutch: *loppon
    • Old High German: loffōn

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hluppōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232
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