Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaupaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to spring; to hop”). Compare Lithuanian klùpti, Latvian klupt (“to stumble”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxlɑu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hlaupaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *hlaupō | *hlaupaų | — | *hlaupai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *hlaupizi | *hlaupaiz | *hlaup | *hlaupazai | *hlaupaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *hlaupidi | *hlaupai | *hlaupadau | *hlaupadai | *hlaupaidau | |
| 1st dual | *hlaupōz | *hlaupaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *hlaupadiz | *hlaupaidiz | *hlaupadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *hlaupamaz | *hlaupaim | — | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *hlaupid | *hlaupaid | *hlaupid | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *hlaupandi | *hlaupain | *hlaupandau | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *hehlaup | *hehlaupį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *hehlauft | *hehlaupīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *hehlaup | *hehlaupī | ||||
| 1st dual | *hehlaupū | *hehlaupīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *hehlaupudiz | *hehlaupīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *hehlaupum | *hehlaupīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *hehlaupud | *hehlaupīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *hehlaupun | *hehlaupīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *hlaupandz | *hlaupanaz | ||||
Related terms
- *hlaupiz
- *hlaupōną
- *hluppōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hlaupan
- Old English: hlēapan
- Old Frisian: hlāpa
- Old Saxon: hlōpan
- Old Dutch: lōpan
- Old High German: hloufan, loufan
- Middle High German: loufen
- →⇒ Old French: gualoper, galoper (see there for further descendants)
- Old Norse: hlaupa
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ushlaupan)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlaupan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229