Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kreg-, *krek-, *kerk- (“to crow, croak”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to crow”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxrɔː.kɑz/

Noun

*hrōkaz m

rook, crow

Inflection

Declension of *hrōkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrōkaz	hrōkōz, hrōkōs
vocative	*hrōk	hrōkōz, hrōkōs
accusative	*hrōką	*hrōkanz
genitive	hrōkas, hrōkis	*hrōkǫ̂
dative	*hrōkai	*hrōkamaz
instrumental	*hrōkō	*hrōkamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk
- Old English: hrōc
  - Middle English: roc, roke, rook
    - Scots: ruke, ruik
    - English: rook
- Old Frisian:
  - Saterland Frisian: Rouk
  - West Frisian: roek
- Old Saxon: hrōk
  - Middle Low German: rôk, rôke
    - German Low German: Rook
    - Low German: rok
- Old Dutch: *ruok
  - Middle Dutch: roec
    - Dutch: roek
- Old High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho
  - Middle High German: ruoch
    - German: Ruch
- → Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: hrókr
- Icelandic: hrókur
- Faroese: rókur
- Norwegian: rok
- Old Swedish: roker, roka
  - Swedish: råka
- Danish: råge
Burgundian: hrōks (in personal names)