Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hreudaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *krewH-dʰh₁-e-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”) and cognate with Lithuanian kráuju, kráuti (“to put on top of each other”) and Proto-Slavic *krỳti (“to cover”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxreu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hreudaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *hreudō | *hreudaų | — | *hreudai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *hriudizi | *hreudaiz | *hreud | *hreudazai | *hreudaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *hriudidi | *hreudai | *hreudadau | *hreudadai | *hreudaidau | |
| 1st dual | *hreudōz | *hreudaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *hreudadiz | *hreudaidiz | *hreudadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *hreudamaz | *hreudaim | — | *hreudandai | *hreudaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *hriudid | *hreudaid | *hriudid | *hreudandai | *hreudaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *hreudandi | *hreudain | *hreudandau | *hreudandai | *hreudaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *hraud | *hrudį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *hraust | *hrudīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *hraud | *hrudī | ||||
| 1st dual | *hrudū | *hrudīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *hrududiz | *hrudīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *hrudum | *hrudīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *hrudud | *hrudīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *hrudun | *hrudīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *hreudandz | *hrudanaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hreudan
- Old English: hrēodan
- Old Norse: hrjóða (only attested in this sense in the past participle hroðinn)
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “krā[u- : krǝu- : krū̆-]”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 616-17