Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”).[1] Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz[2] both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).[3] See also Proto-Slavic *zȍbь (“fodder”).

Noun

*kaflaz m

  1. jaw

Inflection

Declension of *kaflaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *kaflaz *kaflōz, *kaflōs
vocative *kafl *kaflōz, *kaflōs
accusative *kaflą *kaflanz
genitive *kaflas, *kaflis *kaflǫ̂
dative *kaflai *kaflamaz
instrumental *kaflō *kaflamiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kafl
    • Old English: ċeafl
      • Middle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chawle, chawl, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)
        • English: jowl, chavel
        • Scots: chowl, chow, chew
        • Yola: choule
    • Old Saxon: kafl
    • Old Dutch: *kaval
  • Old Norse: káfl

References

  1. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 255: “*ĝeP- ‘± eat, masticate’”
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Kiefer¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
  3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑ep(h)֊, g̑ebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 382
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