Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kafl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kaflaz.

Noun

*kafl m^[1]

(northern) jaw

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kafl
Genitive	*kaflas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kafl	kaflō, kaflōs
Accusative	*kafl	*kaflā
Genitive	*kaflas	*kaflō
Dative	*kaflē	*kaflum
Instrumental	*kaflu	*kaflum

Descendants

Old English: ċeafl
- Middle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chawle, chawl, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)
  - English: jowl, chavel
  - Scots: chowl, chow, chew
  - Yola: choule
Old Saxon: kafl
- Middle Low German: kavel
Old Dutch: *kaval
- Middle Dutch: cavel
  - Dutch: (Flemish) kavel

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “northern WGmc *kafl ‘jaw’”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “northern WGmc *kafl ‘jaw’”

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