Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kazą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*kasą

Etymology

Of unknown origin.

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”), itself of uncertain origin (see also *kastōną (“to throw”)), though Kroonen rejects this on phonetic grounds. Other theories connecting the word to Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”) (whence Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”) and Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)) are semantically attractive, but phonetically impossible via inherited sound laws (thus, if related, a borrowing must have taken place).^[1]

Orel prefers to take the root as a cultural loanword, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑ.zɑ̃/

Noun

*kazą n

vessel, vat, tub, barrel

Inflection

Declension of *kazą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kazą	*kazō
vocative	*kazą	*kazō
accusative	*kazą	*kazō
genitive	kazas, kazis	*kazǫ̂
dative	*kazai	*kazamaz
instrumental	*kazō	*kazamiz

Derived terms

*kastô
- Proto-West Germanic: *kastō
*kazjô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ
- Old English: *cær
  - ⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)
    - Early Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)
      - Scots: bunker
      - → English: bunker
- Old Saxon: *kar
  - Middle Low German: kar, kare
- Old Dutch: *kar
  - Middle Dutch: car, care, caer
    - Dutch: kaar
- Old High German: kar
  - Middle High German: kar
    - German: Kar (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: ker
- Icelandic: ker
- Faroese: ker
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kjer
- Norwegian Bokmål: kjer
- Old Swedish: kar
  - Swedish: kar
- Old Danish: kar
  - Danish: kar
    - Norwegian Bokmål: kar
    - → Icelandic: kar
    - → Faroese: kar
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: kar
Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)
→ Proto-Samic: *kārē (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kaza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kazan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kaza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 283

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kazan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212

[1]

[2]