Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klangijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *klinganą +‎ *-janą. This verb gave rise to the variant *klankijaną, due to influence of an unattested iterative. [1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈklɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klangijaną[1][2]

  1. to make stick, to make cling

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klangijō *klangijaų — *klangijai ?
2nd singular *klangīsi *klangijais *klangī *klangijasai *klangijaisau
3rd singular *klangīþi *klangijai *klangijaþau *klangijaþai *klangijaiþau
1st dual *klangijōs *klangijaiw — — —
2nd dual *klangijaþiz *klangijaiþiz *klangijaþiz — —
1st plural *klangijamaz *klangijaim — *klangijanþai *klangijainþau
2nd plural *klangīþ *klangijaiþ *klangīþ *klangijanþai *klangijainþau
3rd plural *klangijanþi *klangijain *klangijanþau *klangijanþai *klangijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klangidǭ *klangidēdį̄
2nd singular *klangidēz *klangidēdīz
3rd singular *klangidē *klangidēdī
1st dual *klangidēdū *klangidēdīw
2nd dual *klangidēdudiz *klangidēdīdiz
1st plural *klangidēdum *klangidēdīm
2nd plural *klangidēdud *klangidēdīd
3rd plural *klangidēdun *klangidēdīn
present past
participles *klangijandz *klangidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *klangijan
  • Old Norse: klengja
    • Icelandic: klengja
    • Elfdalian: klaindja
    • Old Swedish: klengia

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klangjan- ~ *klankjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klangjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
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