Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kleubaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkleu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kleubaną[1][2]

  1. to split, to cleave

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kleubō *kleubaų — *kleubai ?
2nd singular *kliubizi *kleubaiz *kleub *kleubazai *kleubaizau
3rd singular *kliubidi *kleubai *kleubadau *kleubadai *kleubaidau
1st dual *kleubōz *kleubaiw — — —
2nd dual *kleubadiz *kleubaidiz *kleubadiz — —
1st plural *kleubamaz *kleubaim — *kleubandai *kleubaindau
2nd plural *kliubid *kleubaid *kliubid *kleubandai *kleubaindau
3rd plural *kleubandi *kleubain *kleubandau *kleubandai *kleubaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klaub *klubį̄
2nd singular *klauft *klubīz
3rd singular *klaub *klubī
1st dual *klubū *klubīw
2nd dual *klubudiz *klubīdiz
1st plural *klubum *klubīm
2nd plural *klubud *klubīd
3rd plural *klubun *klubīn
present past
participles *kleubandz *klubanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kleuban
    • Old English: clēofan
      • Middle English: cleven
        • English: cleave
        • Scots: cleave
    • Old Saxon: kliovan
      • Middle Low German: klûven (with alternative present-tense vowel)
    • Old Dutch: *clievan
    • Old High German: klioban
  • Old Norse: kljúfa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kleuban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kleubanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
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