Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *knukô (“joint, bone”) +‎ *-ilaz (“diminutive suffix”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈknu.ki.lɑz/

Noun

*knukilaz m

  1. knuckle, small bone
  2. knot, bump

Inflection

Declension of *knukilaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *knukilaz *knukilōz, *knukilōs
vocative *knukil *knukilōz, *knukilōs
accusative *knukilą *knukilanz
genitive *knukilas, *knukilis *knukilǫ̂
dative *knukilai *knukilamaz
instrumental *knukilō *knukilamiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *knukil
    • Old English: cnucel, cnyċel, *cnocel
      • Middle English: knokel, knokelle, knokill, knokyl, knokylle
        • English: knuckle
        • Scots: knockle
        • Yola: noughel
    • Old Frisian: knokel
      • Saterland Frisian: Knouel
      • West Frisian: knokkel
    • Old Saxon: *knukil
      • Middle Low German: knö̂kel, knuckel
        • Dutch Low Saxon:
          Twents: knökel
        • German Low German:
          Altmärkisch: Knäöw'l
          Westphalian:
          Dortmunder: Knüakel
          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Knökel
          Sauerländisch: Knüekel, Knöekel (Balve), Knǖkel (Niedersfeld), Knüökel (Attendorn), Kniäkel (Kirchhundem, Selbecke)
        • → Danish: knogle
    • Old Dutch: *knukil
      • Middle Dutch: cnôkel, cnockel
    • Old High German: *knuchil
  • Old Norse: knykill
    • Elfdalian: kniųokel

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*knuk(k)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298: “*knukila-”
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