Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkruk.jɔː/

Noun

*krukjō f

curved staff
crutch

Inflection

Declension of *krukjō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*krukjō	*krukjôz
vocative	*krukjō	*krukjôz
accusative	*krukjǭ	*krukjōz
genitive	*krukjōz	*krukjǫ̂
dative	*krukjōi	*krukjōmaz
instrumental	*krukjō	*krukjōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju
- Old English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ
  - Middle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche
    - English: crutch
    - Scots: crutch
- Old Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek
  - Saterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)
  - West Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: krukka
  - Middle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke
    - German Low German: Krück
    - Low German: krukke, Krükke, Krück
    - → Danish: krykke
    - → Old Swedish: krykkia
      - Swedish: krycka
    - → Norwegian: krykke, krykkje
- Old Dutch: *krukka
  - Middle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke
    - Dutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)
- Old High German: krucka
  - Middle High German: krücke
    - Cimbrian: khrukha
    - German: Krücke
  Lombardic: *krukkja
  - → Italian: gruccia
- → Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia
  - Franco-Provençal: crosse, croche
  - Italo-Dalmatian
    - Italian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)
    - Neapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia
    - Sicilian: crozza
  - Piedmontese: cròssa
  - Old French: crosse
    - Middle French: crosse
      - French: crosse
        → Portuguese: crossa
  - Old Occitan: cròça
    - Occitan: cròça