Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/managaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from a substrate language of northwestern Europe. Proto-Celtic *menekkis (“frequent”), Proto-Slavic *mъnogъ (“many”), Proto-Finno-Permic *mone (“many, some”) are probably from the same source;[1] according to Watkins, the Germanic, Slavic, and Celtic terms could all stem from a late (Northwestern) Proto-Indo-European *monogʰos.[2][3][4], from from *mengʰ-, *menegʰ- (“many, sufficient”). Older theories instead derive this term from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂- (“large”) with a nasal infix. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*managaz (comparative *managizô, superlative *managistaz)

  1. many
  2. much (large amount of)

Inflection

Declension of *managaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *managaz *managō *managą, -atō *managai *managôz *managō
accusative *managanǭ *managǭ *managą, -atō *managanz *managōz *managō
genitive *managas, -is *managaizōz *managas, -is *managaizǫ̂ *managaizǫ̂ *managaizǫ̂
dative *managammai *managaizōi *managammai *managaimaz *managaimaz *managaimaz
instrumental *managanō *managaizō *managanō *managaimiz *managaimiz *managaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *managô *managǭ *managô *managaniz *managōniz *managōnō
accusative *managanų *managōnų *managô *managanunz *managōnunz *managōnō
genitive *managiniz *managōniz *managiniz *managanǫ̂ *managōnǫ̂ *managanǫ̂
dative *managini *managōni *managini *managammaz *managōmaz *managammaz
instrumental *managinē *managōnē *managinē *managammiz *managōmiz *managammiz

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • *mangiją

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*managa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352
  2. ^ “many”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “many”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mъnogъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334: “adj. o ‘much, many’”
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