Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naglijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *naglaz (“nail”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnɑɣ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*naglijaną^[1]^[2]

To nail

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*naglijō	*naglijaų	—	*naglijai	?
2nd singular	*naglīsi	*naglijais	*naglī	*naglijasai	*naglijaisau
3rd singular	*naglīþi	*naglijai	*naglijaþau	*naglijaþai	*naglijaiþau
1st dual	*naglijōs	*naglijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*naglijaþiz	*naglijaiþiz	*naglijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*naglijamaz	*naglijaim	—	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau
2nd plural	*naglīþ	*naglijaiþ	*naglīþ	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau
3rd plural	*naglijanþi	*naglijain	*naglijanþau	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*naglidǭ	*naglidēdį̄
2nd singular	*naglidēz	*naglidēdīz
3rd singular	*naglidē	*naglidēdī
1st dual	*naglidēdū	*naglidēdīw
2nd dual	*naglidēdudiz	*naglidēdīdiz
1st plural	*naglidēdum	*naglidēdīm
2nd plural	*naglidēdud	*naglidēdīd
3rd plural	*naglidēdun	*naglidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*naglijandz	*naglidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *naglijan; *naglōn
- Old English: næġlan; næġlian
  - Middle English: nailen
    - English: nail
    - Scots: nail
- Old Frisian: *neila, *nīla; *neilia, *nīlja
  - Saterland Frisian: nailje
  - West Frisian: nagelje
- Old Saxon: neglian
  - Middle Low German: nēgelen, neglen, nāgelen
    - German Low German: nageln
- Old Dutch: nagalen, *negilen
  - Middle Dutch: nēgelen, neglen, nāgelen
    - Dutch: nagelen
- Old High German: negilen, nagalen
  - Middle High German: negelen, nagelen, nageln
    - German: nageln
Old Norse: negla
- Icelandic: negla
- Swedish: nagla
⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ganagljan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nagl-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 381: “*nagljan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*naʒljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 279

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nagl-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 381: “*nagljan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*naʒljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 279

[1]

[2]