Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rudą (“a clearing”) +‎ *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out”), see also Latin ruo (“I dig out”), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (“to tear”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈruð.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rudjaną[2]

  1. to clear
  2. to strip

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rudjō *rudjaų — *rudjai ?
2nd singular *rudisi *rudjais *rudi *rudjasai *rudjaisau
3rd singular *rudiþi *rudjai *rudjaþau *rudjaþai *rudjaiþau
1st dual *rudjōs *rudjaiw — — —
2nd dual *rudjaþiz *rudjaiþiz *rudjaþiz — —
1st plural *rudjamaz *rudjaim — *rudjanþai *rudjainþau
2nd plural *rudiþ *rudjaiþ *rudiþ *rudjanþai *rudjainþau
3rd plural *rudjanþi *rudjain *rudjanþau *rudjanþai *rudjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rudidǭ *rudidēdį̄
2nd singular *rudidēz *rudidēdīz
3rd singular *rudidē *rudidēdī
1st dual *rudidēdū *rudidēdīw
2nd dual *rudidēdudiz *rudidēdīdiz
1st plural *rudidēdum *rudidēdīm
2nd plural *rudidēdud *rudidēdīd
3rd plural *rudidēdun *rudidēdīn
present past
participles *rudjandz *rudidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *ruddjan
    • ⇒ Old English: āryddan
    • ⇒ Old English: ġeryddan
  • Old Norse: ryðja
    • Faroese: ryðja
    • Icelandic: ryðja
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
    • Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
    • Old Danish: ryddæ

References

  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “rode”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ruđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
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