Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skammaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of unknown origin. Has been compared with Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ- (“few, small”) (whence Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (kamna, “little”), Persian کم (kam, “few, little”)),[1] itself possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin”).[2] Other theories include a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem- (“mutilated, hornless”), whence *hamalaz (“mutilated, truncated”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑm.mɑz/

Adjective

*skammaz

  1. short; blunt; stunted

Inflection

Declension of *skammaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *skammaz *skammō *skammą, -atō *skammai *skammôz *skammō
accusative *skammanǭ *skammǭ *skammą, -atō *skammanz *skammōz *skammō
genitive *skammas, -is *skammaizōz *skammas, -is *skammaizǫ̂ *skammaizǫ̂ *skammaizǫ̂
dative *skammammai *skammaizōi *skammammai *skammaimaz *skammaimaz *skammaimaz
instrumental *skammanō *skammaizō *skammanō *skammaimiz *skammaimiz *skammaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *skammô *skammǭ *skammô *skammaniz *skammōniz *skammōnō
accusative *skammanų *skammōnų *skammô *skammanunz *skammōnunz *skammōnō
genitive *skamminiz *skammōniz *skamminiz *skammanǫ̂ *skammōnǫ̂ *skammanǫ̂
dative *skammini *skammōni *skammini *skammammaz *skammōmaz *skammammaz
instrumental *skamminē *skammōnē *skamminē *skammammiz *skammōmiz *skammammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: *sċamm
    • ⇒ Old English: sċōmhylt, sċoomhylti (possibly)
  • Old High German: skam, scam
  • Old Norse: skammr

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skam(m)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 333
  2. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*kamb- : kab-, *kambna- : kabna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 193
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