Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *spīkrijaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”).

Noun

*spīkraz m

  1. nail, spike

Inflection

Declension of *spīkraz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *spīkraz *spīkrōz, *spīkrōs
vocative *spīkr *spīkrōz, *spīkrōs
accusative *spīkrą *spīkranz
genitive *spīkras, *spīkris *spīkrǫ̂
dative *spīkrai *spīkramaz
instrumental *spīkrō *spīkramiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī
    • Old Frisian: *spīker
    • Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari
      • Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker
        • German Low German: Spieker
        • → Danish: spiger
        • → Norwegian: spiker
        • → Faroese: spíkari
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel
          • German Low German: Spiekernagel
    • Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere
    • Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari
      • Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher
        • German: Speicher
        • ⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel
          • German: Speichernagel
  • Old Norse: spíkr (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)
    • Icelandic: spíkur
    • Old Swedish: spīker
    • Danish: spig
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