Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stummaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *stm̥Hnós, from Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer); see *stammaz (stammering) for more.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstum.mɑz/

Adjective

*stummaz

  1. mute

Inflection

Declension of *stummaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *stummaz *stummō *stummą, -atō *stummai *stummôz *stummō
accusative *stummanǭ *stummǭ *stummą, -atō *stummanz *stummōz *stummō
genitive *stummas, -is *stummaizōz *stummas, -is *stummaizǫ̂ *stummaizǫ̂ *stummaizǫ̂
dative *stummammai *stummaizōi *stummammai *stummaimaz *stummaimaz *stummaimaz
instrumental *stummanō *stummaizō *stummanō *stummaimiz *stummaimiz *stummaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *stummô *stummǭ *stummô *stummaniz *stummōniz *stummōnō
accusative *stummanų *stummōnų *stummô *stummanunz *stummōnunz *stummōnō
genitive *stumminiz *stummōniz *stumminiz *stummanǫ̂ *stummōnǫ̂ *stummanǫ̂
dative *stummini *stummōni *stummini *stummammaz *stummōmaz *stummammaz
instrumental *stumminē *stummōnē *stumminē *stummammiz *stummōmiz *stummammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stumm
    • Old Frisian: stumm, stum
      • North Frisian: stomm, stamm
      • Saterland Frisian: stum
      • West Frisian: stom
    • Old Saxon: stumm, stum
    • Old Dutch: *stumm
    • Old High German: stumm, stumb, stum

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stumma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 487