Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Compare *swammaz (“sponge, fungus”);^[1]^[2] both along with the variant *swambaz may derive from an earlier n-stem *swambô (nom.sg.) ~ *sumppaz (gen.sg.).^[3] It is unclear whether both words are of Indo-European origin or wanderworts.^[4]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsum.pɑz/

Noun

*sumpaz m

fungus, sponge
Synonym: *swambaz
swamp, marsh
Synonyms: *fanją, *sīką, *strōduz, *swambaz

Inflection

Declension of *sumpaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sumpaz	sumpōz, sumpōs
vocative	*sump	sumpōz, sumpōs
accusative	*sumpą	*sumpanz
genitive	sumpas, sumpis	*sumpǫ̂
dative	*sumpai	*sumpamaz
instrumental	*sumpō	*sumpamiz

Related terms

*swambaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sump
- Old English: *sump
  - Middle English: sumpe (possibly, attested 1240)
- Old Frisian: *sump
  - Saterland Frisian: Sump
  - West Frisian: sompe, somp
- Old Saxon: *sump
  - Middle Low German: sump
    - German Low German: Sump
    - Plautdietsch: Somp
    - → Norwegian: sump
- Old Dutch: *sump
  - Middle Dutch: sump, somp
    - Dutch: zomp
    - → Middle English: (or from Middle Low German) sompe; swamp (a blend of sompe and swam)
      - English: sump; swamp (see there for further descendants)
- Old High German: *sumpf
  - Middle High German: sumpf
    - German: Sumpf
      - → Hungarian: zsombék
      - → Swedish: sump
        → Finnish: sumppu
    - → Czech: žumpa
    - → Polish: żąp
Old Norse: soppr

References

^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Sumpf”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1052”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1052
^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*swambō, *sump^paz ‘sponge, mushroom’?”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 223–225
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1] Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Sumpf”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1052”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1052

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*swambō, *sump^paz ‘sponge, mushroom’?”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 223–225

[4] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

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