Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swikulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swīkwaną +‎ *-ulaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈswi.ku.lɑz/

Adjective

*swikulaz[1]

  1. tending to betray, treacherous, deceitful

Inflection

Declension of *swikulaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *swikulaz *swikulō *swikulą, *-at(ō) *swikulai *swikulôz *swikulō
accusative *swikulanǭ *swikulǭ *swikulą, *-at(ō) *swikulanz *swikulōz *swikulō
genitive *swikulas, *swikulis *swikulaizōz *swikulas, *swikulis *swikulaizǫ̂ *swikulaizǫ̂ *swikulaizǫ̂
dative *swikulammai *swikulaizōi *swikulammai *swikulaimaz *swikulaimaz *swikulaimaz
instrumental *swikulanō *swikulaizō *swikulanō *swikulaimiz *swikulaimiz *swikulaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *swikulô *swikulǭ *swikulô *swikulaniz *swikulōniz *swikulōnō
accusative *swikulanų *swikulōnų *swikulô *swikulanunz *swikulōnunz *swikulōnō
genitive *swikuliniz *swikulōniz *swikuliniz *swikulanǫ̂ *swikulōnǫ̂ *swikulanǫ̂
dative *swikulini *swikulōni *swikulini *swikulammaz *swikulōmaz *swikulammaz
instrumental *swikulinē *swikulōnē *swikulinē *swikulammiz *swikulōmiz *swikulammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swikul
    • Old English: swicol
    • Old High German: *swihhil
      • ⇒ Old High German: biswihhil
  • Old Norse: svikall

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swikulaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 396
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