Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turdą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s, a participle from *der- (“to split, tear”); cognate with Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”).[1] Note that Kroonen prefers to reconstruct the Germanic as *turzdaz; see there for more.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtur.dɑ̃/

Noun

*turdą n

  1. manure
  2. mud

Inflection

Declension of *turdą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *turdą *turdō
vocative *turdą *turdō
accusative *turdą *turdō
genitive *turdas, *turdis *turdǫ̂
dative *turdai *turdamaz
instrumental *turdō *turdamiz

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *tord
    • Old English: tord
      • Middle English: tord, toord, torde
        • English: turd
        • Scots: tuird
    • Old Dutch: *tord, *tort
    • Old High German: zort
      • Middle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch
        • German: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch
  • Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)
  • → Proto-Samic: *turtē (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tur đan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413
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