Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wakaną +‎ *-raz.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑk.rɑz/

Adjective

*wakraz[1]

  1. awake
  2. watchful, alert

Inflection

Declension of *wakraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *wakraz *wakrō *wakrą, -atō *wakrai *wakrôz *wakrō
accusative *wakranǭ *wakrǭ *wakrą, -atō *wakranz *wakrōz *wakrō
genitive *wakras, -is *wakraizōz *wakras, -is *wakraizǫ̂ *wakraizǫ̂ *wakraizǫ̂
dative *wakrammai *wakraizōi *wakrammai *wakraimaz *wakraimaz *wakraimaz
instrumental *wakranō *wakraizō *wakranō *wakraimiz *wakraimiz *wakraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *wakrô *wakrǭ *wakrô *wakraniz *wakrōniz *wakrōnō
accusative *wakranų *wakrōnų *wakrô *wakranunz *wakrōnunz *wakrōnō
genitive *wakriniz *wakrōniz *wakriniz *wakranǫ̂ *wakrōnǫ̂ *wakranǫ̂
dative *wakrini *wakrōni *wakrini *wakrammaz *wakrōmaz *wakrammaz
instrumental *wakrinē *wakrōnē *wakrinē *wakrammiz *wakrōmiz *wakrammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wakr
    • Old English: wacor, waccor
      • Middle English: wakyr
        • Scots: wakir
        • English: waker (dialectal)
    • Old Frisian: *wakker, *wekker
    • Old Saxon: *wakkar
    • Old Dutch: *wakkar
    • Old High German: wahhar, wachar, wakar, wackar
  • Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᚲᚱᚨᛉ (wakraʀ)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wakra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568
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