Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.ðɑz/

Etymology 1

From earlier *warþaz, *werþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”). Compare Latin versus.[1]

Alternative forms

  • *werdaz

Adjective

*wardaz

  1. turned
  2. turned toward; facing
Inflection
Declension of *wardaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *wardaz *wardō *wardą, -atō *wardai *wardôz *wardō
accusative *wardanǭ *wardǭ *wardą, -atō *wardanz *wardōz *wardō
genitive *wardas, -is *wardaizōz *wardas, -is *wardaizǫ̂ *wardaizǫ̂ *wardaizǫ̂
dative *wardammai *wardaizōi *wardammai *wardaimaz *wardaimaz *wardaimaz
instrumental *wardanō *wardaizō *wardanō *wardaimiz *wardaimiz *wardaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *wardô *wardǭ *wardô *wardaniz *wardōniz *wardōnō
accusative *wardanų *wardōnų *wardô *wardanunz *wardōnunz *wardōnō
genitive *wardiniz *wardōniz *wardiniz *wardanǫ̂ *wardōnǫ̂ *wardanǫ̂
dative *wardini *wardōni *wardini *wardammaz *wardōmaz *wardammaz
instrumental *wardinē *wardōnē *wardinē *wardammiz *wardōmiz *wardammiz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ward, *-wardas
    • Old English: -weard, -werd
      • Middle English: -warde, -ward
    • Old Frisian: -ward, -werd
    • Old Saxon: -ward
    • Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd
      • Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert
    • Old High German: -wart, -wert
      • Middle High German: -wert
  • Old Norse: -varðr, -verðr
    • Old Swedish: -varþer
  • Gothic: -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *wor-tós, *wor-tús, from the root *wer- (“to watch, heed, guard”).[2]

Alternative forms

Noun

*wardaz m

  2. guard
Inflection
Declension of *wardaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *wardaz *wardōz, *wardōs
vocative *ward *wardōz, *wardōs
accusative *wardą *wardanz
genitive *wardas, *wardis *wardǫ̂
dative *wardai *wardamaz
instrumental *wardō *wardamiz
Derived terms
Descendants

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*warđaz I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*warđaz II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448
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