Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- (“to bend, spin, warp”), with the *-p- in the Germanic form likely being the expected result after resonants in words beginning with a labial consonant (compare *fimf (“five”) and *wulfaz (“wolf”) for other Proto-Germanic terms with similar outcomes). Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”) (whence ῥόμβος (rhómbos, “spinning top”), borrowed into English as rhombus), and possibly Proto-Slavic *vèrťi (“to throw, leap”) (though Kroonen is skeptical of the link to the Slavic).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwer.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*werpaną

  1. (transitive) to throw
  2. (transitive) to cast

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *werpō *werpaų — *werpai ?
2nd singular *wirpizi *werpaiz *werp *werpazai *werpaizau
3rd singular *wirpidi *werpai *werpadau *werpadai *werpaidau
1st dual *werpōz *werpaiw — — —
2nd dual *werpadiz *werpaidiz *werpadiz — —
1st plural *werpamaz *werpaim — *werpandai *werpaindau
2nd plural *wirpid *werpaid *wirpid *werpandai *werpaindau
3rd plural *werpandi *werpain *werpandau *werpandai *werpaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *warp *wurpį̄
2nd singular *warft *wurpīz
3rd singular *warp *wurpī
1st dual *wurpū *wurpīw
2nd dual *wurpudiz *wurpīdiz
1st plural *wurpum *wurpīm
2nd plural *wurpud *wurpīd
3rd plural *wurpun *wurpīn
present past
participles *werpandz *wurpanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*werpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581
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