Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *werþaz (“worthy, valuable”) +‎ *-janą or *werþą (“worth, value”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈwir.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wirþijaną[1][2]

  1. to value, to esteem

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wirþijō *wirþijaų — *wirþijai ?
2nd singular *wirþīsi *wirþijais *wirþī *wirþijasai *wirþijaisau
3rd singular *wirþīþi *wirþijai *wirþijaþau *wirþijaþai *wirþijaiþau
1st dual *wirþijōs *wirþijaiw — — —
2nd dual *wirþijaþiz *wirþijaiþiz *wirþijaþiz — —
1st plural *wirþijamaz *wirþijaim — *wirþijanþai *wirþijainþau
2nd plural *wirþīþ *wirþijaiþ *wirþīþ *wirþijanþai *wirþijainþau
3rd plural *wirþijanþi *wirþijain *wirþijanþau *wirþijanþai *wirþijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wirþidǭ *wirþidēdį̄
2nd singular *wirþidēz *wirþidēdīz
3rd singular *wirþidē *wirþidēdī
1st dual *wirþidēdū *wirþidēdīw
2nd dual *wirþidēdudiz *wirþidēdīdiz
1st plural *wirþidēdum *wirþidēdīm
2nd plural *wirþidēdud *wirþidēdīd
3rd plural *wirþidēdun *wirþidēdīn
present past
participles *wirþijandz *wirþidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wirþijan
    • Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
      • ⇒ Old English: ġewirþan, ġewierþan, ġewyrþan
    • Old Frisian: wirtha, wertha, wirda
    • Old Dutch: wertha
    • Old High German: wirden
      • Middle High German: wirden
  • Old Norse: virða

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*werþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581: “*werþjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*werþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458
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