Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰewdʰ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to be awake, be aware

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewdʰ- (0 c, 46 e)

*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)^[7]^[8]
*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)^[5]^[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *bundeti
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)
  - Old Irish: ad·boind
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)
*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr (perfect)^[9]
*bʰudʰ-yé-tor (deponent yé-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay
    - Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)
  - Proto-Iranian: *budyátay
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)
*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei^[10]^[11] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti (causative)^[12]
*bʰowdʰ-os^[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-bowdos
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Welsh: rhybudd
  - Old Irish: robud
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawdʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bawdʰas
    - Sanskrit: बोध (bodhá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *bawdas
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀 (baoda)
- Proto-Tocharian: *pāut- (denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)
  - Tocharian A: pot-
  - Tocharian B: paut-
*bʰéwdʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰudʰ-téy-s^[13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: bust
  - Lithuanian: bùsti
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pŭ́stĭs)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ
    - Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti)
*bʰewdʰ-os
- Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m (see there for further descendants)
*bʰudʰ-o-^[14]
- Proto-Celtic: *budos
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Cornish: both (“will”)
    - Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)
- Proto-Germanic: *budą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa
    - Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)
*bʰudʰ-tó-s
*bʰudʰ-ró-s^[15]^[16]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras
  - Old Lithuanian: budras
    - Lithuanian: budrùs
  - Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ, *bъ̀dřь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás
  - Proto-Iranian: *budráh
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 150-152
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 82-83
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 36-37
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πυνθάνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1258
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baud¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 14-15
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bľustì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “paut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 437
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bu-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bъděti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 68-69
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “budėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “baudyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “busti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*buda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bъ̀drъ; bъ̀dŗъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “budrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104-105

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 150-152

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 82-83

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 36-37

[Ringe_2006-4] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[Beekes-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πυνθάνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1258

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baud¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 14-15

[7] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bľustì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[8] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “paut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 437

[M-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bu-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bъděti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 68-69

[11] Derksen, Rick (2015) “budėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

[12] Derksen, Rick (2015) “baudyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

[13] Derksen, Rick (2015) “busti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107

[14] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*buda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[15] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bъ̀drъ; bъ̀dŗъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

[16] Derksen, Rick (2015) “budrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104-105

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