Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷówyos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

  • *gʷówiyos[1][2] (with analogical Sievers suffix allomorph)

Etymology

From *gʷṓws (“cow”) +‎ *-yós (appurtenance suffix).

Adjective

*gʷówyos[3][4][5]

  1. bovine, pertaining to cows
  2. made of, or from, cows

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *gʷówyos *gʷówyeh₂
genitive *gʷówyosyo *gʷówyeh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷówyos *gʷówyoh₁ *gʷówyoes
vocative *gʷówye *gʷówyoh₁ *gʷówyoes
accusative *gʷówyom *gʷówyoh₁ *gʷówyoms
genitive *gʷówyosyo *? *gʷówyoHom
ablative *gʷówyead *? *gʷówyomos, *gʷówyobʰos
dative *gʷówyoey *? *gʷówyomos, *gʷówyobʰos
locative *gʷówyey, *gʷówyoy *? *gʷówyoysu
instrumental *gʷówyoh₁ *? *gʷówyōys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷówyeh₂ *gʷówyeh₂h₁(e) *gʷówyeh₂es
vocative *gʷówyeh₂ *gʷówyeh₂h₁(e) *gʷówyeh₂es
accusative *gʷówyām *gʷówyeh₂h₁(e) *gʷówyeh₂m̥s
genitive *gʷówyeh₂s *? *gʷówyeh₂oHom
ablative *gʷówyeh₂s *? *gʷówyeh₂mos, *gʷówyeh₂bʰos
dative *gʷówyeh₂ey *? *gʷówyeh₂mos, *gʷówyeh₂bʰos
locative *gʷówyeh₂, *gʷówyeh₂i *? *gʷówyeh₂su
instrumental *gʷówyeh₂h₁ *? *gʷówyeh₂mis, *gʷówyeh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷówyom *gʷówyoy(h₁) *gʷówyeh₂
vocative *gʷówyom *gʷówyoy(h₁) *gʷówyeh₂
accusative *gʷówyom *gʷówyoy(h₁) *gʷówyeh₂
genitive *gʷówyosyo *? *gʷówyoHom
ablative *gʷówyead *? *gʷówyomos, *gʷówyobʰos
dative *gʷówyoey *? *gʷówyomos, *gʷówyobʰos
locative *gʷówyey, *gʷówyoy *? *gʷówyoysu
instrumental *gʷówyoh₁ *? *gʷówyōys

Descendants

  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: կոգի (kogi, “butter”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • East Baltic:
      • Latvian: gauja
      • Lithuanian: gauja (“pack, gang”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *govьje n (“cattle”)
      • Belarusian: гóўе (hóŭje), гаўя́ (haŭjá)
  • Proto-Celtic: *bowyos (“possessing cows”)
    • ⇒ Old Irish: ambue (“non-native”, literally “not possesing cows”)
  • Hellenic:
    • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἐννεάβοιος (enneáboios, “worth nine cows”), βοῦα (boûa, “band of Spartan boys”)
    • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀦𐀹𐀊 (qo-wi-ja, deity name, literally “(she) of the cows?”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwyas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáwyas
    • Proto-Iranian: *gáwyah
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬌𐬀 (gaoiia)
  • Tocharian:

References

  1. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 440-441
  2. ^ Rychło, Mikołaj, Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2022) “Proto-Indo-European Collective Nouns in *-ii̯om: Lexical Evidence”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 50, number 1 & 2, pages 160-162
  3. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kaiyye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 214
  4. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 190, 194
  5. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
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