Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁ed- (imperfective)[1]

  1. to eat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed- (42 c, 0 e)
  • *h₁éd-ti ~ *h₁d-énti (athematic root present)
  • *h₁e-h₁ód-e ~ *h₁e-h₁d-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)[2]
    • Proto-Celtic: *āde (3sg.pret. of *essi)
      • ⇒ Old Irish: dúaid
    • Proto-Germanic: *ēt
      • Proto-West Germanic: *āt
      • Old Norse: át
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Epic Greek: ἐδηδώς (edēdṓs, perf.ptc.act. of ἔδω (édō)) (with renewed reduplication)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HaHā́da
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬚𐬀 (āθa, 3/1sg.perf.)[3]
    • Proto-Italic:
  • *h₁od-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati
        • Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)
  • *h₁ōd-e/o- (a lengthened grade of disputed origin)[4]
  • *h₁ēd-so-
    • Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)
      • Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)
  • *h₁éd-tōr (“eater”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Italic: *essōr
  • *h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-
  • *h₁éd-nom (“eaten”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam
        • Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *etunaz (from thematicized *h₁ed-un-os)[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: *अद्वर (*advará) (from thematicized *h₁ed-wer-os)[5]
          • ⇒ Sanskrit: व्यद्वर (vyadvará, “rodent”)
  • *n̥-h₁d-ti- (“having no eating”)[7][8]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Albanian: *eda[9]
    • Albanian: ha (“I eat”) (with preservation of the laryngeal?)
  • Anatolian:

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 230-231
  3. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[2]
  4. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 644
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 209
  6. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
  7. ^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 67
  8. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) “Laryngeal developments: A survey”, in Alfred Bammesberger, editor, Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, page 78
  9. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ha”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-1

Further reading

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