Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷért

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root aorist of *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Verb

*kʷért (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to do, make, build

Inflection

Perfective, athematic, active only
3rd singular	*kʷért
3rd plural	*kʷrént
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*kʷérm̥	—	*kʷéroh₂	*kʷr̥yéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*kʷérs	kʷér, kʷr̥dʰí	*kʷéresi	*kʷr̥yéh₁s
3rd singular	*kʷért	*kʷértu	*kʷéreti	*kʷr̥yéh₁t
1st dual	*kʷr̥wé	—	*kʷérowos	*kʷrih₁wé
2nd dual	*kʷr̥tóm	*kʷr̥tóm	*kʷéretes	*kʷrih₁tóm
3rd dual	*kʷr̥tā́m	*kʷr̥tā́m	*kʷéretes	*kʷrih₁tā́m
1st plural	*kʷr̥mé	—	*kʷéromos	*kʷrih₁mé
2nd plural	*kʷr̥té	*kʷr̥té	*kʷérete	*kʷrih₁té
3rd plural	*kʷrént	*kʷréntu	*kʷéronti	*kʷrih₁ént

Participle	*kʷrónts

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)
- Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)
Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)
- Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)
- Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯er- '(ab)schneiden, schnitzen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 391
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kuer-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 486-487
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 362

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯er- '(ab)schneiden, schnitzen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 391

[Kloekhorst-2] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kuer-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 486-487

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 362

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