Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷeḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷeḱ-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to see
to look

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷeḱ- (21 c, 0 e)

*kʷéḱ-t ~ *kʷḱ-ént (aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákšat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hákṣat
    - Sanskrit: अक्षत् (ákṣat)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Háxšat
    - Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬑𐬯𐬋 (āxsō, 2sg.inj.), 𐬑𐬯𐬁𐬌 (xsāi /⁠xsaāi⁠/, 1sg.subj.mid.)
*kʷḗḱ-ti ~ *kʷéḱ-n̥ti (Narten present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ćati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́śati
    - Sanskrit: काशते (kā́śate)
  - Proto-Iranian: *kā́cati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬝 (ākasat̰)
*kʷe-kʷóḱ-e ~ *kʷe-kʷḱ-ḗr (perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čákšr̥š
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćákṣr̥ṣ
    - Sanskrit: चक्षुर् (cákṣur)
- ⇒ *kʷé-kʷ-ḱ-u-s (neuter participle)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čákšuš (see there for further descendants)
?*kʷṓḱ-ye-ti, *kʷṓǵ-ye-ti (causative)^[4]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *kāzàti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ćyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́śyati
    - Sanskrit: काश्यते (kā́śyate)
*kʷéḱ-s-ti ~ kʷḱ-s-énti (desiderative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáštay (see there for further descendants)
*kʷéḱ-mr̥ ~ *kʷḱ-mén-s, *kʷéḱ-mōr ~ *kʷḱ-mn-és (collective)^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷékmər, *kʷékmōr
  - Ancient Greek:
    Attic Greek: τέκμᾰρ (tékmăr)
    
    Epic Greek: τέκμωρ (tékmōr)
*kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáćšma (see there for further descendants)
*kʷóḱ-tu-s
- >? Proto-Celtic: *koxtus^[6]
  - Old Irish: cucht (“external appearance”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Tocharian: *kekts'en- (“body”)^[7]
  - Tocharian A: kapśañi
  - Tocharian B: kektseñe

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k^u̯ek̑-, k^u̯ok̑-, k^u̯ek̑-s-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 638-639
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯ek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383-385
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*čaš¹, *kas¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 35, 245-246
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kāzàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέκμαρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1459
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 107: “*kok-tu-”
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kektseñe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 201-202

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k^u̯ek̑-, k^u̯ok̑-, k^u̯ek̑-s-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 638-639

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯ek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383-385

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*čaš¹, *kas¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 35, 245-246

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kāzàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέκμαρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1459

[6] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 107: “*kok-tu-”

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kektseñe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 201-202

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

See also

References