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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Rix (LIV), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōǵ-ye-, a causative form from a root *kʷeǵ-, a variant of *kʷeḱ- (“to see”). Endorsed by Chernykh and Vasmer and tentatively by Derksen.[1] Cognate with Sanskrit काशते (kā́śate, “it seems”), Avestan 𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬝 (ākasat̰, “he noticed”), Tocharian B koṣkīye (“image”).
Verb
*kāzàti[1][2]
- to show
- to say, to testify
- (by extension) to punish
Inflection
Conjugation of *kazati, *kaza, *kažetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kazanьje
|
*kazati
|
*kazatъ
|
*kazalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*kazanъ
|
*kažemъ
|
| Active
|
*kazavъ
|
*kažę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kazaxъ |
*kaza |
*kaza
|
*kažǫ |
*kažeši |
*kažetь
|
| Dual
|
*kazaxově |
*kazasta |
*kazaste
|
*kaževě |
*kažeta |
*kažete
|
| Plural
|
*kazaxomъ |
*kazaste |
*kazašę
|
*kažemъ |
*kažete |
*kažǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kazaaxъ |
*kazaaše |
*kazaaše
|
— |
*kaži |
*kaži
|
| Dual
|
*kazaaxově |
*kazaašeta |
*kazaašete
|
*kaživě |
*kažita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*kazaaxomъ |
*kazaašete |
*kazaaxǫ
|
*kažimъ |
*kažite |
—
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: казати (kazati)
- Old Novgorodian: каꙁа́ти (kazáti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: казати (kazati)
- Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⰸⰰⱅⰹ (kazati)
- Bulgarian: ка́жа (káža)
- Macedonian: каже (kaže)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ка́зати
- Latin script: kázati
- Slovene: kázati, kazáti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kázati
- Old Polish: kazać
- Slovak: kázať
- Pomeranian:
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: kazać
- Lower Sorbian: kazaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “каза́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “каза́ться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 368
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383, 385
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kazati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 168
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kāzàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “v. ‘show’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kazati: kazjǫ kazjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? vise (SA 210; PR 136)”