Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *per- (“before”).

Root

*preh₂-

before, in front

Alternative reconstructions

*pr̥h₂ó, *pr̥h₂í, *pr̥h₂^[1]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂- (69 c, 0 e)

*préh₂-i (“before”, locative) or *pr̥h₂-ey^[2] or *pr̥h₂ íh₁^[1]
- Proto-Italic: *prāi or *prai
  - Latin: prae, prae- (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *praiteros (< *préh₂i + *-teros)
  - Latin: praeter (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pərai (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *furai (see there for further descendants)

*pr̥h₂-i (zero-grade locative)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸare < *ɸari (-e is secondary) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *furi (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-mo-s (“first”)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírmas
  - Latgalian: pyrmais, Latgalian: pyrma
  - Latvian: pìrmaĩs
  - Lithuanian: pirmas
  - Old Prussian: pirmas, pirmois
- Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-ó
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́ (< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁^[1])
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́
    - Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)
*pr̥h₂-ós (“in front; earlier”)
- Proto-Albanian: *par-^[3]
  - Albanian: parë (“before(hand), first, previously”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás
    - Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō)

*pr̥h₂-tó-s (“first”)^[1] (or *pr̥h₃-tó-s^[4])
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Doric Greek: πρᾶτος (prâtos)
  - Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos) (influenced by πρό (pró) / πρω- (prō-)) (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-wó-s (if not to be reconstructed as *pr̥h₃wós)
- *próh₂-w-on-^[5] (or *pr̥h₃-won-^[6])
  - Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwōn^[6]
    - Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”) (or with πρήων (prḗōn) as original form, derived from *pr̥h₂wós^[1])
- *próh₂-w-r̥-yh₂- (“forepart (of a ship)”)^[5] (or *pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂^[7])
  - Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa^[7]
    - Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prōîra) (see there for further descendants)

*pr̥h₂-yós- ~ *pr̥h₂-is- (comparative)
- Proto-Germanic: *furizô, *furistaz (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 650-655
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 75.4
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “parë [adv, prep]”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρώτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1245
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “parwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 383
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρών”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1244
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρῷρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1244-1245

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 650-655

[Sihler-2] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 75.4

[3] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “parë [adv, prep]”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρώτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1245

[Adams-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “parwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 383

[Beekes_πρών-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρών”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1244

[Beekes_πρώρα-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρῷρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1244-1245

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