Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root 1

    *ser-[1]

    2. to flow

    Extensions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (flow) (4 c, 0 e)
    • *ser-o-
      • Proto-Italic: *serom (“serum, whey”)
        • Latin: serum (see there for further descendants)
      • →? Proto-Finnic: *hëra (“whey”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *sor-o-
      • Proto-Hellenic: *horós (“serum, whey”)
        • Ancient Greek: ὀρός (orós) (see there for further descendants)
    • *sor-méh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *hοrmā́
        • Ancient Greek: ὁρμή (hormḗ) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā́, “stream, channel; vessel in the body”) (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sar- (partly; merged with *sel- (“to spring”))
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sar-

    Root 2

      *ser-[2][3][4]

      2. to guard, take care
      4. to take care of

      Derived terms

      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (guard) (8 c, 0 e)
      • *ser-wo-s
        • Proto-Italic: *serwos (or perhaps from the sense “to bind” below)
          • Old Latin: servos
            • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ *ser-w-eh₂-ye-ti
          • >? Proto-Hellenic: *hrūomai, *hehrūomai
          • Proto-Italic: *serwāō
            • Latin: servō (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Slavic: *sьrbъ

      Root 3

        *ser-[5][6][7]

        2. to bind, to tie together
        3. thread

        Derived terms

        Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (bind) (11 c, 0 e)
        • *sér-e-ti (thematic root present)[7]
        • *sér-ye-ti (ye-present)
        • *sér-mn̥ ~ *sér-mō
          • Proto-Hellenic: *hérmə
          • Proto-Italic: *sermō
            • Latin: sermō (see there for further descendants)
        • *sér-ti-s
          • Proto-Italic: *sortis
            • Latin: sors (see there for further descendants)
        • *sór-mo-s
        • *ser-wo-s
          • >? Proto-Italic: *serwos (or from the sense “to guard” above)
            • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
        • *sor-wo-m
          • Proto-Germanic: *sarwą (“equipment, armour”) (possibly)(or from the sense “to guard” above) (see there for further descendants)
            • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gasarwiją
              • Old High German: gisarawi
                • Middle High German: geserwe
              • Old Norse: sørvi
        Unsorted formations
        • Proto-Albanian: *surmā
        • Proto-Armenian:
        • Proto-Germanic: *sarkiz (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Italic:
          • Latin: seriēs (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Tocharian:
          • Tocharian A: sar-

        Root 4

          *ser-[9]

          2. to take, to grasp, seize
          3. to steal, plunder; booty
            Synonym: *klep-

          Derived terms

          Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (take) (7 c, 0 e)
          • *sr̥-yé-ti (ye-present)[9]
            • Proto-Hellenic: *həřřō, ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *həřřéyō
            • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
              • Latvian: sirt (“to loot”) (1sg.: siŗu)
          • *sór-u-[10]
            • Proto-Anatolian: *sōru-
              • Hittite: 𒊭𒀀𒊒 (sāru, “booty, plunder”)
              • Luwian:
                Anatolian hieroglyphic script: 𔐫𔗔𔗑𔗔 (sarusa, nom./acc.sg.)
                Cuneiform script: 𒊭𒊒𒍑𒊭 (šarūša, “loot, plunder”, nom./acc.sg.)
          • *ser-weh₂-
            • Proto-Celtic: *serwā (“theft, plundering”) (see there for further descendants)

          See also

          References

          1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 909-910
          2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*ser- 'aufpassen auf, beschützen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 534
          3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 910
          4. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*har¹ 'to guard, observe'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 129-130
          5. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *ser- 'aneinander reihen, verknüpfen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 534-535
          6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “4. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 911
          7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “serō, -ere 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 557-558
          8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sērt”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549
          9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *ser- 'nehmen, ergreifen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 535
          10. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 738–739
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