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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From *Hácwah (“horse”) + *Hástiš (“food”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-t-is ~ *h₁d-téy-s, from *h₁ed- (“to eat”) + *-tis. Compare Sanskrit अश्वत्थ (aśvatthá, “sacred fig tree”).
Noun
*HacwaHastiš f
- alfalfa, lucerne
Inflection
| i-stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*HacwaHástiš
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*HacwaHástiH
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*HacwaHástayah
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| vocative
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*HacwaHástay
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*HacwaHástiH
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*HacwaHástayah
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| accusative
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*HacwaHástim
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*HacwaHástiH
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*HacwaHástīš
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| instrumental
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*HacwaHástiH
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*HacwaHástibyā
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*HacwaHástibiš
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| ablative
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*HacwaHástayš
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*HacwaHástibyā
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*HacwaHástibyah
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| dative
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*HacwaHástayay
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*HacwaHástibyā
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*HacwaHástibyah
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| genitive
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*HacwaHástayš
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*HacwaHástyawš
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*HacwaHástayām
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| locative
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*HacwaHástaw
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*HacwaHástyawš
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*HacwaHástišu
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Derived terms
- *HacwaHastiyaH
- Bactrian: [script needed] (aśpista)
- Old Median: *aspāstiyā[1]
- → Elamite: 𒍩𒁀𒆜𒋾𒅀 (áš-ba-iš-ti-ia /ašbaištiya/)
- Pashto: شپېشته (špéšta)
- Old Persian: *𐎠𐎿𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎹𐎠 (*a-s-a-s-t-y-a /asāstiyā/)[2]
- → Elamite: 𒍩𒃻𒆜𒋾𒅀 (áš-šá-iš-ti-ia /ašaištiya/)
Inflection
| masculine/feminine i-stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*HacwaHastiš
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*HacwaHastiH
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*HacwaHastayah
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| vocative
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*HacwaHastay
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*HacwaHastiH
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*HacwaHastayah
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| accusative
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*HacwaHastim
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*HacwaHastiH
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*HacwaHastinš
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| instrumental
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*HacwaHastiH
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*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)
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*HacwaHastibʰiš
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| ablative
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*HacwaHastayš
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*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)
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*HacwaHastibʰyah
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| dative
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*HacwaHastayay
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*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)
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*HacwaHastibʰyah
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| genitive
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*HacwaHastayš
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*HacwaHastiyāh
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*HacwaHastiHnaHam
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| locative
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*HacwaHastāy
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*HacwaHastiyaw
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*HacwaHastišu
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Descendants
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Western Balochi: اسپست (aspust), اسپست (ispist), اسپست (uspust)
- Northern Kurdish: hespist (haspist)
- Old Median: *aspāstiš (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*aspā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz
- ^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*asā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz