Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hajáhram

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram.

Numeral

*hajáhram^[1]

one thousand

Derived terms

*hajáhrakah (“one thousand years, Millennium”)
- Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)
  Central Kurdish: ھەزارە (hezare /⁠hazāra⁠/), حەزارە (ḧezare /⁠ḥazāra⁠/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hezare (/⁠hazāra⁠/), hizare (/⁠hizāra⁠/)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠hazārag⁠/)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾlk')
  
  Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (hazāra)
  - → Old Armenian: հազարեակ (hazareak)
  - Classical Persian: هزاره (hazāra)
    Dari: هزاره (hazāra)
    
    Iranian Persian: هزاره (hezāre)
    
    Tajik: ҳазора (hazora)
    - → Pashto: هزاره (hazāra)
*hajáhra-pátiš (“the commander of thousand men, Chiliarch”)
- Parthian: (/⁠hazārpet⁠/)
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭆𐭓𐭅𐭐𐭕 (ḥzrwpt)
  - → Old Armenian: հազարապետ (hazarapet)
    - → Georgian: ჰაზარაპეტი (hazaraṗeṭi)
- Old Median: *hazārapatiš
  - → Old Persian: *hazārapatiš
    - → Ancient Greek: ἀζαραπατεῖς (azarapateîs)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠hazārbed⁠/)
  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭦𐭠𐭫𐭥𐭯𐭲 (ḥzʾlwpt)
  - Classical Persian: هزاربد (hazārbud)
    Iranian Persian: هزاربد (hezārbod)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἀζαβαρίτης (azabarítēs)
  - → Classical Syriac: ܗܙܪܦܬ (hzrpt /⁠hzārpat⁠/)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀 (hazaŋra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *hazā́hrā
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (ysāra-)
  - Old Ossetic: *æzræ, *æzæræ^[2]
    - Ossetian: ӕрзӕ (ærzæ)
    - → Hungarian: ezer
  - → Crimean Gothic: hazer
- Sodgo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: υαζαρο (uazaro /⁠hazār⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: هزار (hzʾr /⁠*hazār⁠/)
  - Sogdian: (/⁠zār⁠/)
    Sogdian script: [script needed] (ILPW)
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫡 (zʾr), 𐫉𐫀𐫀𐫡 (zʾʾr)
    
    Syriac script: ܙܐܪ (zʾr)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri: آزار (āzār), زار (zār)
- Pashto: زر (zër)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ہزار (hazár)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ھەزار (hezar /⁠hazār⁠/), حه‌زار (ḧezar /⁠ḥazār⁠/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hezar (/⁠hazār⁠/), hazar (/⁠hāzār⁠/), hizar (/⁠hizār⁠/)
  
  Southern Kurdish: هِزار (hizar /⁠hizār⁠/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *hazáhram
  - Caspian:
    - Old Mazanderani: هزار (hazār)
      - Mazanderani: هزار (hëzār)
    - Gilaki: هزار (hizår), هزر (hezar)
  - Old Median: *hazāram
    - → Elamite:
      - Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄩𒐼𒊏 (ha-šá-ra /⁠hašara⁠/)^[3]
  - Parthian: (/⁠hazār⁠/)
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭐𐭉𐭍 (ALPYN)
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡 (hzʾr)
    - → Old Armenian: հազար (hazar)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠hazār⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡 (hzʾr)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾl)
      
      Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭 (hazār)
      - Classical Persian: هزار (hazār)
        Iranian Persian: هزار (hezâr), زار (zâr) (see there for further descendants)
        
        Dari: هزار (hazâr)
        
        Tajik: ҳазор (hazor)
        → Yagnobi: ҳазор (hazor)
  - Zaza- Gorani:
    - Gurani: ھەزار (hezar /⁠hazār⁠/)
    - Zazaki: henzar (/⁠hanzār⁠/), hezar (/⁠hazār⁠/), xezar (/⁠xazār⁠/)
Southwestern Iranian: Old Persian: *hadāram

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*haźáhra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 394-396
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 241
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tavernier

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*haźáhra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 394-396

[2] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 241

[Tavernier-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tavernier

[1]

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