Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ráwčah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas.

    Noun

    *ráwčah n[1][2][3][4][5]

    1. light
    2. day

    Inflection

    neuter as-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ráwčah *ráwčahiH *ráwčāh
    vocative *ráwčah *ráwčahiH *ráwčāh
    accusative *ráwčah *ráwčahiH *ráwčāh
    instrumental *ráwčahaH *ráwčahbʰyā(m) *ráwčahbʰiš
    ablative *ráwčahah *ráwčahbʰyā(m) *ráwčahbʰyas
    dative *ráwčahay *ráwčahbʰyā(m) *ráwčahbʰyas
    genitive *ráwčahah *ráwčahHāh *ráwčahaHam
    locative *ráwčahi *ráwčahHaw *ráwčahu

    Derived terms

    • *ráwčikah (“of day, daily; sustenance, daily bread”)
    • *ráwčakah (“of day; fasting”)
    • *ráwčākah (“lightning; morning star”)
      • Northwestern Iranian:
        • Mazanderani: روجا (rūjā, “Venus”)
        • Gilaki: روجا (rujā, “morning star, Venus”)
      • Southwestern Iranian:
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠rōzāg⁠/, “lightning”)
          Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwcʼk')

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Old Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬂 (raocå, nom.acc.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 (raocə̄biiō, dat.abl.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Bactrian: ρωσο (rōso /⁠rōts⁠/)
        • Proto-Sogdic:
          • Sogdian:
            Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
            Sogdian script: 𐽀𐼴𐼿 (rwc)
          • Yagnobi: ruz
      • Wakhi: [script needed] (rawǰ)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
        • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (roz), [script needed] (rōz)
        • Sanglechi: [script needed] (rōz)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
          • Sarikoli: [script needed] (rūz)
          • Shughni: rūz
      • Ormuri-Parachi:
        • Ormuri:
          Kaniguram: [script needed] (ryoz)
          Logar: [script needed] (rọ̄ž)
        • Parachi: [script needed] (ruč), [script needed] (rūč)
      • Pashto:
        • Pashto:
          Pashto: روځ (rwaź)
          Waziri: ورځ (wrǝz)
        • Waneci: [script needed] (wrez)
        • →? Ormuri: [script needed] (wriez), [script needed] (wrioz)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: روچ (rōč)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: ڕۆژ (roj)
        Northern Kurdish: roj, ro
        Southern Kurdish: ڕووژ (rûj)
        Laki: ڕووژ (rûj)
      • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
        • Caspian:
        • Proto-Komisenian:
          • Sangisari: روژ (ruj)
        • Old Median: *rauǰah
          • Middle Median: *rṓž
            • Kermanic:
              Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Bidhandi, Chimehi, Zoroastrian Dari, Delijani, Farizandi, Hanjani, Jowshaqani, Khunsari, Komjani, Mahallati, Meymehi, Nayini, Qohrudi, Tarehi, Varani, Yarandi, Zori: rū
              Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Kashani, Naraqi: rūj
              Anaraki: rūš
              Natanzi: rū, rūv
            • Proto-Tatic:
              • Talysh:
                Central Talysh:
                Asalemi, Karganrudi: روج (ruj)
                Northern Talysh: rüj
                Southern Talysh:
                Masali: روز (ruz)
                Masulei: روز (roz)
              • Old Tati:
                Old Azari: روژ (rōž)
                • Harzani: رو (ru)
                • Karingani: روژ (rüž)
        • Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc /⁠rōž⁠/), 𐫡𐫇𐫊 (rwž)
        • Semnani: rū, rūzä́
        • Zaza-Gurani:
          • Gurani: ڕۆچ (řōç), ڕۆجیار (řōǰyār), ڕۆ (řō)
          • Zazaki: roce (řōǰa), roje (řōža), roze (řōza)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Bashkardi:
        Bandari: روز (rüz)
      • Southwestern Fars:
        Judeo-Shirazi: [script needed] (rez)
      • Larestani: [script needed] (rüz), [script needed] (rozá)
      • Old Persian: 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h /⁠raučah⁠/)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠rōz⁠/, “day”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc), 𐫡𐫇𐫉 (rwz)
          Book Pahlavi script: 𐮹𐮵𐮿 (YWM)
          Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM), 𐭫𐭥𐭰 (lwc)
          Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮈𐮅𐮋 (YWM), 𐮊𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (lwspy /⁠rōsp⁠/)
          • → Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠rōč⁠/)
            Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
            Syriac script: ܪܘܨ (rwc)
          • Classical Persian: روز (rōz)

    References

    1. ^ Efimov, Valentin Aleksandrovič (2011) The Ormuri Language in Past and Present (FLI Language and Culture Series)‎[1], volume 6, Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, page 6
    2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184
    3. ^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎[3], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 71
    4. ^ Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 104
    5. ^ Cantera, Alberto (2017) “The phonology of Iranian”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 1, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, VI. Iranian, page 3
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