Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšápā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšápā, an-stem variant of *kšáps.

Noun

*xšápā ~ *xšáfnah f

night

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xšápā	*xšápanā(w)	*xšápanah
vocative	*xšápan	*xšápanā(w)	*xšápanah
accusative	*xšápanam	*xšápanā(w)	*xšáfnah
instrumental	*xšáfnaH	*xšápabʰyā(m)	*xšápabʰiš
ablative	*xšáfnah	*xšápabʰyā(m)	*xšápabʰyaH
dative	*xšáfnay	*xšápabʰyā(m)	*xšápabʰyaH
genitive	*xšáfnah	*xšápaHāh	*xšáfnaHam
locative	*xšápani	*xšápaHaw	*xšápahu

Derived terms

*xšáfnyah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xṣ̌apan)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Parachi: [script needed] (xawån) (borrowed from Indic?)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *xšæb
  - ⇒ Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ǣxšæb (+ *ǣ-)
    - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ǣṣ̌æb
      - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *ō̈x̌ӧb (“the day before yesterday”)
        Sarikoli: x̌eb
        
        Shughni: ах̌ӣб (ax̌īb)
  - ⇒ Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *pərxšæb (+ *pər-)
    - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *pərṣ̌æb
      - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *pərx̌öb (“tomorrow”)
        Sarikoli: parax̌eb
        
        Shughni: парх̌ӣб (parx̌īb)
      - Yazghulami: пәрашуб (pərašub), прашуб (prašub)