Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwiptah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Of unknown origin.^[1] Not related to *xšwīd-^[2].

Noun

*xšwiptah^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

milk
Synonyms: *páyHah, *páyHma, *xšiHrám

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xšwiftah	*xšwiftā(w)	*xšwiftāh(ah)
vocative	*xšwifta	*xšwiftā(w)	*xšwiftāh(ah)
accusative	*xšwiftam	*xšwiftā(w)	*xšwiftānh
instrumental	*xšwiftaH	*xšwiftaybʰyā(m)	*xšwiftāyš
ablative	*xšwiftāt	*xšwiftaybʰyā(m)	*xšwiftaybʰyah
dative	*xšwiftāy	*xšwiftaybʰyā(m)	*xšwiftaybʰyah
genitive	*xšwiftahya	*xšwiftayāh	*xšwiftānaHam
locative	*xšwiftay	*xšwiftayaw	*xšwiftayšu

Derived terms

*xšwiptakah (“milky, sweet”)
- Middle Persian: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃 (šyftg /⁠šiftag⁠/)
  - ⇒ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špt'twk' /⁠šiftālūg⁠/, “peach”)
    - Persian: شفتالو (šaftâlu)
- Parthian: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃 (šyftg /⁠šiftag⁠/)
- Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼸 (ʾɣšyβtk), 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼷 (ʾɣšyβty /⁠ᵊxšiβdē⁠/)

Unsorted formations

Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: شووتی (şûtî)

Northern Kurdish: şiftî

Related terms

*xšwiptiH (“milk”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (xwfcy /⁠xuβği⁠/)
  - Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊxšiβdi⁠/)
    Brahmi script: 𑀳𑁆𑀰𑁅𑀟𑀺 (hṣawdʰi), 𑀳𑁆𑀰𑁅𑀝𑀺 (hṣawṯi)
    
    Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼄𐼙𐼊𐼂𐼚𐼊 (ʾɣšyβty)
- Ormuri: [script needed] (šīpī)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xšuuipta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣvīdä)
- Proto-Sogdic:
  - Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊxšiβd(a)⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫑𐫢𐫏𐫂𐫤 (xšyβt)
    
    Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂 (ʾɣšyβt), 𐼰𐼶𐽁𐼰𐼷𐼱𐽂 (ʾxšʾyβt)
  - Yagnobi: хшифт (xⁱšift)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: شيدې (šidé), شودې (šodé)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Yidgha: [script needed] (xᵘšuvd)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      - Sarikoli: x̌ewd
      - Shughni: х̌ӯвд (x̌ūvd), хувд (xuvd)
    - Yazghulami: х̌̊овд (x̌̊ovd), х̌̊овод (x̌̊ovod)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median:
  - Middle Median:
    - Sivandi: šet
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Talysh:
        Arabic script: شت
        
        Latin script: şət
      - Old Tati:
        Harzani: شت (šet)
        
        Karingani: شت (šēt)
  - Semnani: [script needed] (šet), [script needed] (šat)
- Parthian: (/⁠šift⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎 (šyfṯ), 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (šyft)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠šift⁠/) (reborrowing^[7])
    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (šyft)
- Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
  - Gurani: شۆت (šōt)
  - Zazaki: şıt, şıd

References

^ Romain Garnier, Laurent Sagart, Benoît Sagot. Milk and the Indo-Europeans. Martine Robeets; Alexander Savalyev Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p.307, 2017, 978 90 272 1255 9.
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453
^ Bryant F., Edwin with Patton, Laurie L. (2005) The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 218
^ Asatrian, Garnik (2009) “Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 13, number 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 33
^ Garnik S. Asatrian (1995) “DIMLĪ”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183
^
^{The template Template:R:ira:Henning:1937 does not use the parameter(s): 1=88
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎^[3], volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR

[1] Romain Garnier, Laurent Sagart, Benoît Sagot. Milk and the Indo-Europeans. Martine Robeets; Alexander Savalyev Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p.307, 2017, 978 90 272 1255 9.

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453

[3] Bryant F., Edwin with Patton, Laurie L. (2005) The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 218

[4] Asatrian, Garnik (2009) “Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 13, number 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 33

[5] Garnik S. Asatrian (1995) “DIMLĪ”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York

[6] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183

[7] {The template Template:R:ira:Henning:1937 does not use the parameter(s): 1=88
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎^[3], volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR

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