Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔarway-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *rVw- (“predator; usually a large feliform”). Cognate with Egyptian


(rw, “lion”), Nefusa wär (“lion”), Zenaga war (“lion”), Somali aar (“lion”), Proto-Central Chadic *ruw- (“hyena, wild cat”), Mubi ʔórúwà (“lion”) and Tumak ǝ̄rǝ̄w (“leopard”).

Noun

*ʔarway- m

  1. beast, wild animal
  2. lion

Inflection

Declension of *ʔarway-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ʔarwayum *ʔarwayāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ʔarwayam *ʔarwayayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ʔarwayim
possessive forms
1st person *ʔarwayī / *ʔarwayVya — *ʔarwayVni
2nd person m *ʔarwayVka *ʔarwayVkumā / *ʔarwayVkumay *ʔarwayVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔarwayVki *ʔarwayVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔarwayVšu *ʔarwayVšumā / *ʔarwayVšumay *ʔarwayVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔarwayVša *ʔarwayVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔarwayuya for nom. case, *ʔarwayiya for gen. case, *ʔarwayaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒀉𒄷 (arûm, “eagle, bird of prey”)
  • West Semitic:
  • →? Old Armenian: առիւծ (aṙiwc)

Further reading

  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 24–26
  • Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “ảrw”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
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