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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-. Cognate with Lithuanian dùsti (“to suffocate”) (Eastern dialectal), dvė̃sti (“to breathe, to blow”), dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily”), dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”); Latvian dust (“to gasp”), dvèst (“to breathe heavily”); Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius, “wild animal”), English deer.
Verb
*dъxnǫti pf (imperfective *dyšati)[1][2]
- to breathe
- to blow
Inflection
Conjugation of *dъxnǫti, *dъše, *dъxnetь (?, -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *dъšenьje
|
*dъxnǫti
|
*dъxnǫtъ
|
*dъxlъ
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|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*dъšenъ
|
*dъxnomъ
|
| Active
|
*dъxъ
|
*dъxny
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dъx(ox)ъ |
*dъše |
*dъše
|
*dъxnǫ |
*dъxneši |
*dъxnetь
|
| Dual
|
*dъx(ox)ově |
*dъx(e/os)ta |
*dъx(e/os)te
|
*dъxnevě |
*dъxneta |
*dъxnete
|
| Plural
|
*dъx(ox)omъ |
*dъx(e/os)te |
*dъxǫ, *dъxošę
|
*dъxnemъ |
*dъxnete |
*dъxnǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dъxněaxъ |
*dъxněaše |
*dъxněaše
|
— |
*dъxni |
*dъxni
|
| Dual
|
*dъxněaxově |
*dъxněašeta |
*dъxněašete
|
*dъxněvě |
*dъxněta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*dъxněaxomъ |
*dъxněašete |
*dъxněaxǫ
|
*dъxněmъ |
*dъxněte |
—
|
Conjugation of *dъxnǫti, *dъxnǫ, *dъxnetь (?, -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *dъxnovenьje
|
*dъxnǫti
|
*dъxnǫtъ
|
*dъxnǫlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*dъxnovenъ
|
*dъxnomъ
|
| Active
|
*dъxnǫvъ
|
*dъxny
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dъxnǫxъ |
*dъxnǫ |
*dъxnǫ
|
*dъxnǫ |
*dъxneši |
*dъxnetь
|
| Dual
|
*dъxnǫxově |
*dъxnǫsta |
*dъxnǫste
|
*dъxnevě |
*dъxneta |
*dъxnete
|
| Plural
|
*dъxnǫxomъ |
*dъxnǫste |
*dъxnǫšę
|
*dъxnemъ |
*dъxnete |
*dъxnǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dъxněaxъ |
*dъxněaše |
*dъxněaše
|
— |
*dъxni |
*dъxni
|
| Dual
|
*dъxněaxově |
*dъxněašeta |
*dъxněašete
|
*dъxněvě |
*dъxněta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*dъxněaxomъ |
*dъxněašete |
*dъxněaxǫ
|
*dъxněmъ |
*dъxněte |
—
|
- *dušà (“soul”)
- *duxati (“to breathe, to blow”)
- *duxъ (“breath, spirit”)
- *dъxъ (“breathing, breath”)
- *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily?”)
- *dyxati (“to breathe”)
Derived terms
- *jьzdъxnǫti (“to breathe out, (figuratively) to die”)
- *nadъxnǫti (“to excite, to inoculate”)
- *vъdъxnǫti (“to inspire”)
- *vъdъxnovenьje (“inspiration”)
- *vъdъxnovenъ (“inspired”)
- *vъdъxnoviteľь (“inspirator”)
- *vъzdъxnǫti (“to sigh”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti), дъхнути (dŭxnuti)
- Belarusian: до́хнуць (dóxnucʹ, “to croak, to die”)
- Russian: дохну́ть (doxnútʹ, “to breathe, to blow”), до́хнуть (dóxnutʹ, “to croak, to die”)
- Ukrainian: дохну́ти (doxnúty, “to sigh”), дхну́ти (dxnúty, “to breathe”), до́хнути (dóxnuty, “to croak, to die”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti)
- Glagolitic: ⰄⰟⰘⰐⰨⰕⰋ (DŬXNǪTI)
- Bulgarian: дъ́хна (dǎ́hna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: да̀хнути
- Latin script: dàhnuti
- Slovene: dəhníti, dáhniti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: dchnout, dechnout, tchnout
- Old Polish: tchnąć, dchnąć
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: dchnąc, tchnąc
- Slovak: dochnúť
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дохну́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъxnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 177
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dъxnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129: “v. ‘breathe, blow’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “dъxnǫti: dъxnǫ dъxnetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 211, 260; PR 137)”